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Physics - Standards Alignment
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Mechanics || Thermodynamics || Waves & Sound || Light & Optics |
| Electricity & Magnetism || Nuclear Physics | Simulations
Physics Information: Physics Classroom, Multimedia Physics Studio, Shockwave Physics Studios, Physics Education Technology

a site for teachers | a PowerPoint show | This is an Adobe Acrobat document Adobe Acrobat document | a Word document
 sound | video format | interactive lesson | a quiz | lesson plan | to print
Physics java applets | Java Applets on Physics | Virtual Labs and Simulations | Physlets | More Physlets | Fear of Physics | Shockwave Physics | Virtual Laboratory | Physics Education Technology
Standard Number: 1.0 Mechanics: The student will investigate the laws and properties of mechanics
Level 1 || Level 2 || Level 3 || Sample Task
At Level 1, the student is able to:

1. distinguish between mass and weight using base units in the standard international (SI) system.

  1. Your Weight on Other Worlds - This Exploratorium site gets your students' attention by showing that their weight will vary with different gravitational attraction (you will not believe what you would weigh on a Neutron star!). Then, a very good presentation of the difference between weight and mass is given.
  2. A weight and mass converter is provided by ConvertMe.com. (this link opens in a new window)After your students use this converter, perhaps you could discuss if it is appropriate to perform this type of conversion.
  3. Science Terms: Distinctions, Restrictions, and Confusions - Bartelby.com points out that an absolute conversion factor between these two units is not technically sound
  4. Mass vs Weight - discussion of the difference and interactive questions to check for understanding
2. relate time in the (SI) system to the independent experimental variable in most situations.
  1. Ticker Tape Diagrams - A common way of analyzing the motion of objects in physics labs is to perform a ticker tape analysis. The practice problems included will help your students evaluate the time variable.
  2. Passing Lane - describing motion with diagrams
  3. Use this reaction time applet to gather data for graphing
  4. Java applet which students would use to collect data to sketch velocity as a function of time.
  5. Java applet displaying three position vs time graphs and three velocity vs time graphs. Your students must determine which of the graphs are correct.
3. relate inertia, force or action-reaction forces to Newton’s three laws of motion and distinguish between the three laws in various scenarios.
  1. An index of Newton's laws tutorials from the Physics Classroom (a total of 15 separate lessons)
  2. Design and Test - This project simulates the Design and Test process through the development of a virtual paintball catapult. The student must build catapults capable of performing a variety of tasks, stay within the allotted budget, and interpret test results to fine tune their design.
  3. Newton's Second Law Experiment - This Java applet simulates an air track glider setup, as it is used for experiments on constant acceleration motion.
  4. Motion with Constant Acceleration - This Java applet shows a car moving with constant acceleration
  5. Mass, Force and Acceleration - Watch as you fill out the chart to see how mass, force, and acceleration are related. When you are done, see if you can write a rule.
  6. Lunar Lander Simulator - experiment with changing force direction or magnitude
4. compare and contrast characteristic properties of scalar and vector quantities.
  1. Vectors: Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions - an index of lessons on vectors, projectile motion, and forces in two dimensions
  2. Vector Direction - practice with the use of scaled vector diagrams for the representation of the magnitude and direction of a vector.
  3. Resultant Vector - explore the effects of combining different vector quantities
  4. Resultant of Forces - This applet deals with forces exerted on a body.You can vary the number of single forces by using the choice box at the ride side. It is possible to change the sizes and directions of these forces by dragging the arrowheads to the intended positions with pressed mouse button.
  5. Resolution of a Force into Components - java applet
5. investigate the definitions of force, work, power, kinetic energy, and potential energy.
  1. An index of work, power, and energy tutorials
  2. Definition and Mathematics of Work
  3. Design a Roller Coaster - Try your hand at designing your own roller coaster. You will be building a conceptual coaster using the physics concepts that are used to design real coasters. You won't need to compute any formulas.
  4. Calculating the Amount of Work Done by Forces - quite a few practice scenarios are included
  5. Potential Energy - excellent diagrams and practice questions
  6. Kinetic Energy - more good diagrams and practice problems
  7. Mechanical Energy - no practice problems, but excellent illustrations
  8. Power - six practice problems accompany this tutorial
6. explore velocity and acceleration.
  1. Speed and Velocity - This Physics Classroom tutorial helps students distinguish between speed and velocity. An animation and two practice problems are included. Follow that lesson with the Acceleration tutorial. Two animations and two practice problems are included with the acceleration tutorial.
  2. A java applet which allows your students to collect data to make calculations regarding velocity and acceleration due to gravity. Further calculations can be made with a second version of this applet.
  3. Putt-putt golf applet which asks your students to experiment with velocity and acceleration.
At Level 2, the student is able to:

1. analyze vector diagrams (addition, subtraction and scaling) and solve composition and resolution problems for force and momentum.

  1. Vectors - Fundamentals and Operations: Vector Addition - first steps in adding vectors and drawing resultant, with practice problems and an animation
  2. Finding Vector Resultants
  3. Identifying Vector Components
  4. Vector Resolution - using the the parallelogram method and the trigonometric method
  5. Relative Velocity and Riverboat Problems - this tutorial includes several practice problems
  6. Vector Addition - This java applet shows how to add two vector A and B into vector C (A 3-D version is available at the bottom of the page)
  7. Resultant Vector - explore the effects of combining different vector quantities
2. explore characteristics of rectilinear motion and analyze distance-time graphs (velocity), velocity-time graphs (acceleration and distance).
  1. Graphing of One-Dimensional Motion - You can do experimentation to discover concepts. Follow the directions below the picture depending on which one you want to do.
  2. Kinematics Equations and Graphs (use of velocity-time graphs to describe the motion of objects) Six practice problems are provided, each requires the student to construct a velocity-time graph. Answers, including graphs, are provided.
  3. Moving Man Simulation- Learn about position, velocity, and acceleration graphs. Move the little man back and forth with the mouse and plot his motion. Set the position, velocity, or acceleration and let the simulation move the man for you.
3. investigate the characteristics of centripetal motion and centripetal acceleration.
  1. Motion Characteristics for Circular Motion - a set of five lessons
  2. Applications of Circular Motion - a set of three lessons
  3. Universal Gravitation - a set of five lessons
  4. Planetary and Satellite Motion - a set of five lessons
  5. An index of rotational motion animations from the Physics Classroom
  6. Amusement Park Physics - students learn the physics then design a roller coaster
  7. Funderstanding Roller Coaster! - Your mission is to design a coaster so that you can achieve maximum thrills and chills without crashing or flying off the track. You must decide on a number of factors; the height of hill #1, hill #2, the size of the loop, the initial speed of the coaster, its mass, the gravity at work and the amount of friction on the track
  8. Model of a Carousel (Centripetal Force) - The simulation assumes a circular motion with constant angular velocity.
  9. Circular Motion and Centripetal Force - an interactive java applet
4. evaluate the dynamics of systems in motion including friction, gravity, impulse and momentum, change in momentum, and conservation of momentum.
  1. Momentum - "mass in motion"
  2. Momentum and Impulse Connection - this tutorial includes a large number of practice questions to check understanding
  3. The Impulse-Momentum Change Theorem - Real-World Applications
  4. The Law of Action-Reaction (Revisited)
  5. Momentum Conservation Principle
  6. Isolated Systems
  7. Using Equations as a "Recipe" for Algebraic Problem-Solving
  8. Using Equations as a Guide to Thinking
  9. Conservation of Momentum in Different Inertial Frames - One dimensional
  10. Conservation of Momentum in Different Inertial Frames - Two dimensional
5. analyze the characteristics of energy, and conservation of energy including friction, and gravitational potential energy.
  1. Internal vs. External Forces - quite a few practice questions are included
  2. Analysis of Situations Involving External Forces - diagrams, practice questions and animations are included
  3. Analysis of Situations in Which Mechanical Energy is Conserved - three good animations are included in this tutorial
  4. Applications and Practice Questions - fifteen questions designed to check for understanding
  5. Bar Chart Illustrations - A work-energy bar chart represents the amount of energy possessed by an object by means of a vertical bar.
6. relate work and power to various simple machines, mechanical advantage of different machines and recognize simple machines utilized in compound machines.
  1. Definition and Mathematics of Work
  2. Calculating the Amount of Work Done by Forces - This tutorial includes a large number of practice questions to check understanding.
  3. Power - a tutorial with practice questions
  4. An index of Work and Energy animations from the Physics Classroom
  5. Pulley - Investigate mechanical advantage of a pulley with this interactive java applet
  6. Pulley System - (raise or lower the load with the mouse) If you click on the mouse button, a spring balance will appear showing the tension in the string.
  7. Inclined Plane - This Java applet demonstrates a motion on an inclined plane with constant velocity and the corresponding forces.
7. describe rotational equilibrium and relate to torque.

 

8. investigate projectile motion.
  1. An index of animation of vectors and projectiles from the Physics Classroom
  2. Ballistic Simulator - Each new shot has a trajectory which is color coded. You get a maximum of 4 shots to hit the target with a cannon ball
  3. Design and Test - This project simulates the Design and Test process through the development of a virtual paintball catapult. The student must build catapults capable of performing a variety of tasks, stay within the allotted budget, and interpret test results to fine tune their design.
  4. QuickTime movie of a Horizontally Launched Projectile
  5. QuickTime movie of a Non-Horizontally Launched Projectile
  6. Projectile Orbits and Satellite orbits - an interactive java applet
  7. Projectile Tutorial - You can do experimentation to discover concepts or you can check your problem-solving progress. Follow the directions below the picture depending on which one you want to do.
  8. NetScience: The Sum Of All Sciences - ThinkQuest site regarding projectile motion
  9. Projectile Motion applet - see the result of changing the variables
    1. Index of other physics simulations
  10. Projectile Motion Simulator - change a number of variables, projectiles include piano, pumpkin, Buick and others
  11. Two cannons (at different height) aim at each other. What will happen if both cannons fire at the same time?
  12. Projectile motion applet displaying horizontal and vertical vectors
9. utilize trigonometry and vector analysis to solve force and momentum problems.
  1. Component Forces Simulator - choose force vectors, change magnitude, determine resultant
  2. Resultant Vector - explore the effects of combining different vector quantities
  3. Vector Analysis Worksheets -
At level 3, the student is able to:

1. apply elementary calculus to solve motion problems.

  1. Describing Motion with Equations - There are three components of this tutorial from the Physics Classroom; The Kinematics Equations, Kinematics Equations & Problem-Solving, and Kinematics Equations & Free Fall. These are followed by Sample Problems & Solutions
  2. Mass, Force and Acceleration - Watch as you fill out the chart to see how mass, force, and acceleration are related. When you are done, see if you can write a rule. [use this site for data collection]

2. experiment with elastic and inelastic collisions.

  1. An index of momentum and collision animations from the Physics Classroom (includes elastic and inelastic collisions)
  2. QuickTime movies of inelastic collisions
    1. Car Rear Ends Truck
    2. Truck Rear Ends Car
    3. Car and Truck in Head-on Collision
  3. QuickTime movies of elastic collisions
    1. Car Rear Ends Truck
    2. Truck Rear Ends Car
    3. Car and Truck in Head-on Collision
Sample Task:

Height of a Goal Post – After being introduced to the acceleration due to gravity and the equation d = 1/2gt2, students are given a baseball and a stopwatch. As an entire class, they develop a method and determine the height of the football goal posts.

  1. How Fast? and How Far? - Illustrations and equations from this Physics Classroom tutorial should help your class determine the height of those pesky goal posts.

Standard Number: 2.0 Thermodynamics: The student will examine the properties and laws of thermodynamics.
At Level 1, the student is able to:

1. investigate temperature in relationship to kinetic energy.

  1. An excellent simulation by Noriyoshi Kato is called Billiards of Molecules (What's the difference in gas, liquid and solid)
  2. See Motion of Ideal Gas Molecules in a cylinder
  3. Kinetic Theory, Microscopic and Macroscopic Connections (a java applet)
  4. Equipartition Theorem (java applet) - The kinetic energy of a particle can be due to motion in the x, y, and z directions, as well as to rotations. The equiparition of energy theorem says that the kinetic energy of an atom or particle is, on average, equally distributed between the different modes (different degrees of freedom) available.
  5. Special Processes of an Ideal Gas - an applet to investigate ideal gases

2. recognize that absolute zero is the absence of molecular kinetic energy.

  1. Temperature and Absolute Zero - This tutorial includes a couple of good animations.
  2. What is the Lowest Temperature ever produced? The limit of all temperature is absolute zero. For many years physicists have been closing in on absolute zero. No one will ever succeed in reaching it, but many have come very close.
  3. PhysLink presents - "What will happen to the gas at absolute zero temperature (0 K)?"
At Level 2, the student is able to:

1. identify the characteristics of internal energy and temperature/heat (joules/calories).

  1. This java applet shows Brownian motion for gas molecules. Qualitative evidence of the microscopic nature of gases is shown by an effect called Brownian motion.

2. relate the First Law of Thermodynamics as an application of the Law of Conservation of Energy (hot to cold) and heat transfer through conduction, convection and radiation.

  1. Thermodynamic Equilibrium - an applet designed to simulate the diffusion process which occurs when gases of different temperatures are mixed (seven experiments can be performed with this applet)

3. relate change in heat content (quantity of thermal energy) to kinetic energy and specific heat (Q=mc?T).

  1. Maxwellian Velocity Distribution - an interactive applet designed to demonstrate the properties of the ideal gas law
  2. Ideal Gas Law - Using an interactive applet, you will control the action of a piston in a pressure chamber which is filled with an ideal gas. Three experiments are outlined.
  3. Specific Heat at Constant Pressure and Constant Volume - students use this java applet to collect data

4. investigate potential energy changes (phase changes) of heat of fusion, heat of vaporization, and heat of sublimation.

 
At Level 3, the student is able to:

1. explore thermal expansion and contraction.

  1. Physics Lab: Linear Thermal Expansion - The purpose of this lab experiment is to measure the linear expansion coefficients of up to three different metals
  2. Thermal Expansion - explanation and illustration

2. apply the second law of thermodynamics to the Carnot engine.

  1. A java applet to show the physics processes of a Carnot heat engine

Standard Number: 3.0 Waves and Sound: The student will investigate the properties of waves and sound.
At Level 1, the student is able to:

1. describe and investigate simple harmonic motion.

  1. An index of wave tutorials from the Physics Classroom
  2. Explore the relations between circular motion, simple harmonic motion and wave with this simple java applet.

2. investigate and analyze wavelength, frequency and amplitude of longitudinal and transverse waves.

 

3. identify a wave interaction as reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference.

  1. Beat Frequencies in Sound - A beat frequency or beat wave is a sound of fluctuating volume caused when you add two sound waves of slightly different frequencies.
  2. Beats - a java applet to investigate this sound phenomenon
  3. Diffraction of Light by a Single Slit - an applet to investigate diffraction
  4. Index of wave terms - good diagrams accompany each definition
  5. Standing Wave - Explanation by Superposition with the Reflected Wave
At Level 2, the student is able to:

1. compare mechanical and electromagnetic waves.

  1. Electromagnetic Spectrum - In this applet, you can click on the wavelength/frequency scale and change the wavelength and frequency by dragging the mouse or by using the arrow keys on the keyboard. Holding the shift key down while pressing the left or right arrow keys changes the wavelength by a factor of 10.

2. explore Hooke’s Law.

  1. Hooke's Law - This java applet allows students to change variables and investigate Hooke's law.

3. investigate reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference of waves.

  1. Beat Frequencies in Sound - A beat frequency or beat wave is a sound of fluctuating volume caused when you add two sound waves of slightly different frequencies.
  2. Tacoma Narrows Bridge Failure - photos illustrating this classic case of wave interaction you might also want to see a short (10 second) clip of the failure.
  3. Resonance applet with instructions in the form of a dialog
  4. Experiments on Wave Interference
  5. Classic two slit interference change the slit separation to determine the interference pattern
  6. Diffraction of Light by a Single Slit - an applet to investigate diffraction
  7. Explore standing waves created by waves moving in opposite direction (no reflection) with this java applet
  8. Standing Longitudinal Waves - This Java applet demonstrates the harmonics of the air in a tube as an example of standing longitudinal waves.
  9. Standing Wave - Explanation by Superposition with the Reflected Wave
  10. Create standing waves (with reflection at a boundary) with this excellent java applet. Change parameters or step the animation forward slowly while viewing the component waves to investigate interference. To isolate wave reflection, you might want to view the reflection of a single pulse.
  11. Hearing Subtraction - (an activity on frequency and beats) This site allows students to hear beat frequency caused by two sounds.
  12. Interference of Light at a Double Slit - an applet to investigate interference
  13. Interference of two Circular or Spherical Waves - This Java applet shows the interference of two circular respectively spherical waves (e.g. of water or sound waves).
  14. Reflection and Refraction of Light Waves [Huygens' Principle] - This applet is a tutorial which explains the reflection and the refraction of waves by the principle of Huygens.
  15. Refraction of Light - The applet shows the reflected and the refracted ray and calculates the corresponding angles. Students can change the incident angle and the media.

4. demonstrate and explain the Doppler Effect.

  1. This police car applet might make an interesting introduction to the subject of the Doppler effect
  2. Behavior of Waves : The Doppler Effect
  3. Java applet - Click anywhere within the gray area and drag the mouse. An arrow representing the source velocity vector will appear.
  4. Doppler applet which allows users to change wave speed, source speed, and wave length by clicking and dragging
  5. A nice Doppler applet from Fear of Physics
  6. Doppler Physlet - an applet (by another name)
  7. Doppler Effect Example - java applet
  8. The Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
  9. An amazing picture of a sonic boom from Astronomy Picture of the Day

5. experiment with reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference of waves and sound.

  1. An index of Wave animations from the Physics Classroom
  2. Beat Frequencies in Sound - A beat frequency or beat wave is a sound of fluctuating volume caused when you add two sound waves of slightly different frequencies.
  3. Explore superposition of waves with a sine wave or a saw tooth wave
  4. Create standing waves with this excellent java applet. Change parameters or step the animation forward slowly while viewing the component waves to investigate interference. To isolate wave reflection, you might want to view the reflection of a single pulse.

6. compare wave characteristics to natural auditory phenomena.

  1. Beat Frequencies in Sound - A beat frequency or beat wave is a sound of fluctuating volume caused when you add two sound waves of slightly different frequencies.
  2. Decibel Levels - This Cool Math page contains a list of decibel levels of everything from guitars to jet engines!
  3. Decibels - from Hyperphysics, includes an interactive decibel calculation section
  4. Typical average decibel levels (dBA) of some common sounds - scroll to the bottom
  5. Understanding Sound Intensity - a good decibel scale is included
  6. What is a decibel? - an extensive discussion of this logarithmic unit used to describe a ratio
  7. What is a decibel, and what is the loudest sound I can listen to before it hurts my ears? - from How Stuff Works
At Level 3, the student is able to:

1. determine the speed of sound experimentally using various materials and temperatures.

 

2. measure spring constants.

 

Standard Number: 4.0 Light and Optics: The student will examine the properties of light and optics.
At Level 1, the student is able to:

1. explore properties of electromagnetic radiation.

  1. An index of light waves and color tutorials from the Physics Classroom
  2. Electromagnetic Spectrum - In this applet, you can click on the wavelength/frequency scale and change the wavelength and frequency by dragging the mouse or by using the arrow keys on the keyboard. Holding the shift key down while pressing the left or right arrow keys changes the wavelength by a factor of 10.
  3. Electromagnetic Wave - This animation (java applet) shows an electromagnetic wave, namely a plane polarized wave, which propagates in positive x direction.

2. examine properties of light waves.

  1. Wavelike Behaviors of Light two good animations are included with this tutorial
  2. Polarization - questions are included at the end to check your understanding of this concept
  3. Polarization 101 from Physics 2000 - Topics related to polarization are presented with great illustrations and several interactive tasks.
  4. Pinhole Camera - Use this interactive java applet to explore images formed by pinhole cameras.
  5. Prism - This interactive java applet let you play with a light source and a prism, to study the physics of light.
At Level 2, the student is able to:

1. differentiate among transmission, reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference of light waves.

  1. Two Point Source Interference
  2. Huygens' principle can be investigated with this java applet
  3. Reflection and Refraction of Waves - (Explanation by Huygens' Principle)
  4. Refraction of Light - in this applet a ray of light coming from the top left strikes the boundary surface of two media
  5. Interference Movie from Physics 2000
  6. Diffraction of Light by a Single Slit - a java applet
  7. Interference of Light at a Double Slit - a java applet

2. investigate the optical properties of plane and curved mirrors.

 

3. solve problems related to Snell’s law.

  1. The mathematics of refraction - Snell's law
  2. Boundary Behavior - the concepts behind the math known as Snell's law
  3. Snell's law Java applet from Northwestern University - manipulate the variables on both sides of the boundary, and see a wave front view or a laser view
  4. Refraction and Reflection - change the indices of refraction of the two media, and drag the incoming ray to any angle between 0 and 90 degrees

4. explore the formation of color.

  1. Electromagnetic and visible spectra
  2. Light absorption, reflection, and transmission - this tutorial includes practice questions
  3. Form white light by adding three colors of light using a click and drag applet
  4. Color addition - two questions to check understanding conclude this tutorial
  5. Color subtraction - examples are followed by a series of questions to check understanding
  6. Blue skies and red sunsets
  7. Mix light beams or paint pigments with this java applet (double right click to switch from light to paint)
  8. Shadows from overlapping colored light - This java applet let you play with shadow and image. To make it more fun, there are 3 different colors (Red/Green/Blue) light source.
At Level 3, the student is able to:

1. draw, explain, and solve problems for the optics of mirrors and lenses.

  1. An index of ray optics animations from the Physics Classroom
  2. Ray Diagrams - Concave Mirrors
  3. Ray Diagrams - Convex Mirrors
  4. Ray Diagram Simulator - change variables - double convex lens
  5. The anatomy of a lens
    1. Refraction by Lenses
    2. Image Formation Revisited
    3. Ray Diagrams (converging lenses)
    4. Object-Image Relations
    5. Ray Diagrams (diverging lenses)
    6. Object-Image Relations
    7. The Mathematics of Lenses
  6. Thick Lens java applet which allows your students to manipulate the variables
  7. The transmission of a wave through dense media - Reflection and Refraction (an excellent java applet which allows your students to manipulate the variables

2. investigate optical phenomena (i.e., the Puddle Effect, optical illusions, and polarization).

  1. A set of Polarization lessons accompanied by interactive applets
  2. Make a permanent rainbow - Study thin film interference by making this "permanent rainbow." There is a good color calculator at the bottom of this page. (scroll down, you did arrive at the right page)
  3. Building the impossible kaleidoscope - create colors by rotating the plane of polarization (scroll down, you did arrive at the right page)
  4. Building a simple spectroscope (scroll down, you did arrive at the right page)

Standard Number: 5.0 Electricity and Magnetism: The students will investigate electricity and magnetism.
At Level 1, the student is able to:

1. analyze a given group of charges for repulsion and attraction.

  1. Lorentz Force - This Java applet demonstrates the Lorentz force, exerted on a current-carrying conductor swing in the magnetic field of a horseshoe magnet

2. distinguish between charged particles related to repulsion and attraction.

  1. An index of static electricity animations from the Physics Classroom

3. create a simple electromagnet.

  1. Electromagnetic Oscillating Circuit - a simulation which deals with an electromagnetic oscillating circuit, consisting of a capacitor and an inductor
At Level 2, the student is able to:

1. describe the electric field that fills the space around a charged particle or group of charges.

  1. Electric Field from Hyper Physics
  2. Using Gauss' law for electric field calculation

2. draw an electric field, given a scenario of charged particles.

  1. Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Wire - This applet simulates an experiment concerning the magnetic field of a straight current-carrying wire.

3. solve problems of resistance using Ohm's law.

  1. Voltage Circuit Simulator - This exercise will help you determine the relationship between voltage (V), amperage (I) and resistance (R). This relationship is called Ohm's Law.
  2. Ohm’s Law - This applet shows a simple circuit containing one resistor. In addition there is a voltmeter (parallel to the resistor) and an ammeter (in series with the resistor)
  3. Ohm's Law (includes Voltage law and Current law)

4. draw and explain series and parallel circuits.

  1. Simple AC Circuits - This Java applet shows a simple circuit consisting of an alternating voltage source and, depending on the selected radio button, a resistor (without inductivity), a capacitor or an ideal coil (without resistance).
  2. Combinations of Resistors - an applet illustrating either series or parallel
  3. Combinations of Resistors, Inductors and Capacitors - java applet

5. identify components of series and parallel circuits and solve problems related to voltage, amperage, and resistance.

 

6. build series and parallel circuits and demonstrate how they function.

 

7. demonstrate a generated current by electromagnetic induction.

 
At Level 3, the student is able to:

1. describe how current is generated by electromagnetic induction.

 

2. design a lab that demonstrates the flow of charged particles and an electric current.

  1. Magnetic Field of a Bar Magnet - The magnetic field of a bar magnet can be investigated with this compass needle applet.

Standard Number: 6.0 Nuclear Physics: The student will investigate the laws and properties of nuclear physics.
At Level 1, the student is able to:

1. identify the parts of an atom.

  1. Nuclear Particles including Data for a Scale Model of an Atom

2. describe the properties and location of subatomic particles.

  1. How can we see the structure of atom? This java applet allows a simulation of the same situation as in Rutherford's experiment. (Don't judge the physics of this Japanese physicist by his spelling)
  2. Use this java applet to play with colored balls (just like Quarks). Nori presents a variation on the same subject in this applet.

3. describe three forms of radioactivity.

  1. Forms of radioactivity; Alpha, Beta, and Gamma

4. distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

  1. Nuclear Binding Energy including a discussion of fission and fusion
  2. Topics in nuclear energy in the form of a concept map
At Level 2, the student is able to:

1. distinguish between the Bohr model and the quantum model of an atom.

  1. Bohr model of an atom - an interactive applet accompanied by dialog
  2. Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom - an applet which shows a hydrogen atom according to particle or wave model
  3. Energy Levels - an interactive quantum atom model applet accompanied by dialog

2. explain the changes in atomic number or mass number for each form of radioactivity.

 

3. write and balance equations for the three forms of radioactive decay.

  1. Nuclear Notation
  2. Law of Radioactive Decay applet - As soon as the applet is started with the yellow button, the atomic nuclei will begin to "decay"
  3. Java applet illustrating Radioactive Decay Series for several substances

4. solve half-life problems.

  1. Half-Life applet - choose any of sixteen isotopes and observe a representation of the decay accompanied by a graph
  2. Radioactive Half-Life - includes a link to an interactive Radioactive Decay Calculation

5. explain dating methods using carbon-14 or uranium.

  1. Carbon Dating
  2. Radioactive Dating
  3. Clocks in the Rocks

6. explain how particles behave like waves.

  1. Photoelectric Effect - a Java applet which simulates an experiment for the determination of the Planck constant and the work function
  2. Wave-Particle Duality and the Photoelectric Effect

7. distinguish between coherent and incoherent light.

  1. Quantum Properties of Light - including lasers and coherent light

8. describe how a laser is produced.

  1. How Lasers Work - from How Stuff Works
At Level 3, the student is able to:

1. recognize how the quantum theory explains the photoelectric effect.

  1. Early Photoelectric Effect Data - includes an interactive section on Photon Energies for EM Spectrum
  2. Wave-Particle Duality and the Photoelectric Effect

2. solve problems related to the photoelectric effect.

  1. Photoelectric Effect - a Java applet which simulates an experiment for the determination of the Planck constant and the work function

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