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8th Grade Science Skills

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Links verified 8/28/08

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1. An Introduction to Symbiosis - sub-categories listed in order to to describe different associations
2. Chapter 9 - Examples of mutualism and commensalism
3. Chapter 12 - Examples of parasitism
4. Interactions - Examples of parasitism, mutualism and commensalism and allelopathy
5. Mutualism and commensalism - simple definitions and a list of links to use
6. Predation, Parasitism, Commensalism, and Mutualism in the Garden and in the Community - many pictures used to illustrate content
7. Symbiosis - background information on symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism
8. Symbiosis and Commensalism from the Sea Slug Forum
9. Types of ecological interactions - this show has a large number of images
10. Volcanoes of the Deep - classroom activity to be used to research and classify symbiotic relationships between individual organisms of different species

1. Biome Summary
2. Biome Vocabulary - posted by NASA
3. Characteristics of Earth's Terrestrial Biomes - a very good world map showing location of biomes
4. Earth’s Biomes - 3-D simulation which lets you take part in an around-the-world scientific expedition researching Earth's biomes
5. Ecosystems - a twenty question quiz from Glencoe
6. Ecosystems and Biomes - a twenty question quiz from Glencoe
7. Ecosystems and Biomes - [this link opens on a new page] a Quia quiz [different format of the same quiz] [this link opens on a new page]
8. Five of the major world biomes - from WorldBiomes.com
9. Habitats/Biomes from Enchanted Learning - provides a good summary of biome characteristics
10. Introduction to Biomes - links to eight types of biomes
11. The Major Biomes - click on the appropriate heading to learn more (a ThinkQuest entry)
12. Major Biomes of North America - Urban Sprawl is included as one biome
13. Major Biomes of the World - from FactMonster
14. Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World - (from National Geographic) information and images for all 867 land-based ecoregions on the planet
15. World Biomes - presented by the University of California Museum of Paleontology

1. Biomes in a Box - students are asked to build a three-dimensional model of a biome in a box
2. Unique Plants of the Biomes - lesson from Discovery School
3. The World's Biomes: Aquatic, Desert, Forest, Grassland, Tundra

1. Abiotic factors in a freshwater community - the non-living components that effect the living organisms
2. Abiotic factors in a freshwater community - how water conditions effect living organisms
3. Albuquerque 's Environmental Story - the natural environment, abiotic and biotic profiles
4. Biome Table - a worksheet on abiotic and biotic factors of biomes
5. Biomes: Now and When, Current and Future - a WebQuest on the topic "How do abiotic and biotic factors interact within a biome?"
6. Biotic vs. Abiotic - from Regents Prep Living Environment section on Ecology
   1. Multiple choice quiz to follow up this topic [2 questions]
   2. Quizzes on other Ecology topics [also 2 questions each]
7. Consideration of Abiotic and Biotic factors
8. Ecology - Abiotic vs Biotic - [this link opens in a new window] a Quia quiz to help you practice differentiating between biotic and abiotic [10 questions]
9. The Ecology Skinny - examples of biotic and abiotic factors
10. Unique Plants of the Biomes - from Discovery Education's Lesson Plan Library

1. Animal Growth and Heredity - a Sunken Millions game for review
2. Beneficials in the Garden - insect metamorphosis
3. Classify This! - You are challenged to classify groups of animals, finally arriving at a distinction between complete and incomplete metamorphosis. Following the interactive classification you will take a quiz.
4. Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis - a slide show including nine questions
5. Diagram of Complete Metamorphosis
6. Diagram of Incomplete Metamorphosis
7. Dragonfly Lake - a PowerPoint game with slides to print to make a game board
8. Insect Growth and metamorphosis - this page includes sample life cycle diagrams of each
9. Insect Metamorphosis - discussion of each type is followed by insect web sites to visit for the purpose of determining which type of metamorphosis that insect undergoes
10. Insect Metamorphosis Poster - printable lesson activity
11. Insects: Inside and Out - the end of this slide show discuses metamorphosis
12. Life as a Bug - description of complete and incomplete metamorphosis

1. Asexual Reproduction - from the New York Regents Test prep site
2. Asexual Reproduction in Animals - from the About network
3. Asexual Reproduction in Plants and Animals -
4. Meiosis Tutorial - distinguishing between the two forms of reproduction
5. Multiple choice quiz on Asexual Reproduction [6 questions]
6. Multiple choice quiz on Sexual Reproduction [8 questions]
7. Reproduction: Sexual vs Asexual - presents several types of asexual reproduction
8. Sexual Reproduction - from the New York Regents Test prep site
9. Sexual Reproduction in Animals - from the About network
10. Sexual Reproduction in Animals II - discusses external andinternal fertilization
11. Sexual Reproduction in Populations of Wild Animals and Plants - from the Open Door web site

1. Basic Genetics - dominant vs recessive traits from a ThinkQuest site
2. Basic Genetics - another ThinkQuest site
3. Dominant and Recessive Characteristics - Characteristics in the left-hand column dominate over those characteristics listed in the right-hand column.
4. Dominant and Recessive Traits - worksheet
5. Dominant and Recessive Traits - dominant and recessive traits listed in two columns
6. Human Genetics - a PowerPoint show on dominant and recessive traits by Timothy G. Standish, Ph. D.
7. Human Traits: Autosomal - a listing of human traits
8. Learning Activity - students pair off and work with a normal male and female karyotype
9. Mendelian Genetics - showing photo examples of traits
10. Mendelian Traits in Humans - traits organized into columns
11. Understanding Genetics - discussion of dominant and recessive traits from a geneticist
12. Why are My Eyes Brown? - lesson plan to print

1. Dragon Genetics - This activity explores the relationship between genotype and phenotype, using both sex-linked and autosomal dominant and recessive traits. By manipulating alleles (genotype), you create corresponding changes in the dragon's physical appearance (phenotype).
2. Dragon Genetics - In this activity students study the patterns of inheritance of multiple genes in (imaginary) dragons. Teacher Preparation Notes for Dragon Genetics
3. Genetics Puppets - use simple mouse puppets to facilitate an understanding of how genes are transmitted from parent to offspring in a simulated genetics experiment
4. Mendel's Peas Web Lab - "The Princess and the Wrinkled Peas." Try to duplicate some of Mendel's work.
5. Model For A Monohybrid Cross Exhibiting Simple Dominance
6. Monohybrid Cross Problem Set - The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem.
   1. [advanced] Dihybrid Cross Problem Set - The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem.
7. Patterns of Inheritance - patterns which can be observed when traits are passed to the next generation [49 slides]
8. Probability and Heredity - You will simulate Mendel’s experiments by substituting coins for plant characteristics. You will then compare what you had expected with what actually happened.
9. Punnett Square Diagram of a Monohybrid Cross - Refresh the page to see the animation repeat.
10. Sex-Linked Inheritance Problem Set - The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem.
11. Sex-Linked Inheritance Problem Set 2 - The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem.
12. Using a Punnett Square - short slide show explaining the use of a Punnett square [the web link given on slide 9 does not work]
13. Working out Punnett Square Examples - Using Punnett squares, work out the probabilities that children of the parents in each example will have particular phenotypes and genotypes.

1. Build a DNA Molecule - click and drag each nucleotide into position.
2. Computer Model of the DNA Helix
3. Decoding the Genetic Code - thirty-five fourty-three slides by Prof. David McConnell
4. Extract Your Own DNA - You can see your own DNA with the unaided eye. Using this simple PowerPoint, your students will learn how to extract and view their own DNA. (easy-to-follow instructions for a great, hands-on learning experience)
5. How to make a model of DNA - This model can be tough to make, but well worth the effort. You'll learn some great science along the way too!
6. Make a Candy Model of DNA - (learn how the nucleotides are formed, and how it all fits together) This model can be used to show replication, splicing, and other functions involving the DNA double helix.
7. Take a Tour of the Basics of Heredity - from the index at the top of the blue box, select What is DNA, then click Next to progress through the windows of this show.
8. The Nucleic Acids - models of nucleic acids are shown

1. Environment and Mutation - a 20 question quiz
2. Karyotyping Activity - complete the karyotype for each of three patients and then make a diagnosis
3. Mutate a DNA Sentence - It's time to try your hand at mutating a DNA sequence.
4. Quick Quiz on microevolution and mutation - Click on a student to let them ask a question.
5. Slooze Worm Mutagenesis - The Slooze worm is a creature that lives in the heavily polluted waters of Lake Asbestozene. [one question at the end]
6. The extra copy of chromosome 21 in this karyotype identifies this individual as having Down's syndrome.
7. Transcribe and Translate a Gene - Cells use the two-step process of transcription and translation to read each gene and produce the string of amino acids that makes up a protein.
8. What Can Our Chromosomes Tell Us? - a look at a karyotype
9. What Causes DNA Mutation? - from the GeneticScience Learning Center at the University of Utah
10. What is a Mutation? - A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene.

1. Click and Clone - your mission is to create a genetically identical clone of Mimi, a brown mouse
2. Cloning of Dolly
3. The Gene School - This is the place to study the science of genetics. Learn about the foundation of genetics starting with Robert Hooks' discovery of cells in 1655.
4. Genetic Engineering and Cloning - Improving Nature, or Uncorking the Genie? (a ThinkQuest site)
5. Hello Dolly - A webQuest on Cloning
6. Is it Cloning? Or Not? - Although cloning is one type of technology used in reproduction, not all reproductive technologies involve cloning. To play the game, decide for yourself whether the scenario described involves cloning.
7. Scottish Sheep Shocker - more about Dolly
8. Welcome to the Extraterrestrial Gene Therapy Lab - As Space Doctor, you’ll use your gene therapy knowledge to treat three ailing aliens who come into your clinic. Before starting, you might want to review Tools of the Trade and the Gene Therapy Case Studies found in other sections of this module.

1. All in the Family - determine which two of three organisms are most closely related
2. Unity of Life - lesson plan from Teacher's Domain

1. Carl von Linne and the Linnean System of Nomenclature
2. Classify This! - You are challenged to classify groups of animals, finally arriving at a distinction between complete and incomplete metamorphosis. Following the interactive classification you will take a quiz.
3. An Introduction to the Principles of Taxonomy

1. Life Has a History - an educational module sponsored by the National Science Foundation (select level 2 for 5-8)

1. Classroom Activity: Make a Dichotomous Key - construct a dichotomous key to identify people (or another group of items) in a classroom, using questions based on gender, hair length/color, glasses (or not), clothing color, etc
2. Dichotomous Keys to Geographically Isolated Wetland Types in the United States - use the index to see a large number of keys or go to a clickable map to select a key
3. Dichotomous Plant Key - answer questions to discover the identity of five mystery plants
4. How to Use a Dichotomous Key - a 32 slide show which starts with a classification system of common desk items
5. Key to macroinvertebrate life in a pond.
   1. After you see the key above, go to the Aquatic Critter Key and try your skill.
6. Make a Dichotomous Key - Classroom Activity at Enchanted Learning
7. West Coast Native Tree Dichotomous Key - [this link opens in a new window] work through a set of questions to identify trees
8. What Tree is it? - a dichotomous key to use for tree identification

1. Abundances of the elements in the Earth's crust - data for students to enter into Excel.
   1. See a tutorial on importing data from the web into Excel
2. Chemical Make-up of the Earth's Crust - This site includes a neat looking pie chart.
3. Cross-Section Globe - from Canon's Bubble Jet Printer Creative Park
4. Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics - covers the following: The Earth's Interior, The Lithosphere & Plate Tectonics, Oceanic Lithosphere, Continental Lithosphere and Plate Tectonics.
5. The Earth's Layers - (slide show format - from Volcano World) click on the arrow (named Next) to move through the slides - move through the lessons at your own pace
6. Earthquake Provides Proof That Earth's Innermost Core Is Solid - A Northwestern University seismologist and a colleague at the French Atomic Energy Commission have provided the first direct evidence that - inside a liquid core - the very center of the Earth is solid. (a 1998 news story from Science Daily)
7. Image of the earth's Interior layers
8. Inside the Earth - Label the Inside of the Earth (from Enchanted Learning)
9. Journey to the Center of Earth - a slide show on layers of the earth by Kelly Kupferschmid
10. Layers of the Earth - a quiz posted by Florida International University
11. Structure of the Earth - features a globe with a removable section

1. Major Tectonic Plates of the World - The earth's surface is broken into seven large and many small moving plates. These plates, each about 50 miles thick, move relative to one another an average of a few inches a year.
2. Major Types of Plate Boundaries - good illustration from the USGS
3. Plate Tectonics map and a description of the three types of boundaries.

1. Animations Plate Tectonics animation (Warning: These animated gifs, including the smallest files, load slowly)
2. Animations in the form of PowerPoint shows are available from the PLATES project at the University of Texas.
3. Continental Drift Quiz - from NASA [4 questions only and they are not random]
4. Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - a 40 slide show with excellent images and animations.
5. Deconstructing Pangaea - a click and drag VR object that covers 150 million years on 8/28/08
6. History - Plate Tectonics: The Rocky History of an Idea
7. How do Plates Move? - from Windows to the Universe
8. How the Plates Move - a lesson from Volcano World
9. Mechanisms
10. Observe the break up of Pangaea - This animation shows how the locations of continents and islands have changed over the past 150 million years.
11. Paleomap Earth History maps
12. Paleomap VR animations
13. Pangea Revisited - lesson plan, 14 page document including puzzle pieces to cut out
14. Pangaea to the Present - a study of the history of the Earth's tectonic plates.
15. Plate Tectonic Movement Visualizations - index of a large number of resources on 8/28/08
16. Plate Tectonic Puzzle - lesson plan including puzzle pieces to cut out
17. Plate Tectonic Reconstruction Service - In this section you can calculate plate tectonic reconstructions of any age back to 150 My.
18. Reconstructing Pangea - lesson plan with maps to print and use with the lesson
19. Science Odyssey: You Try It: Plate Tectonics - A hands-on exercise about plate tectonics and earthquakes from PBS. (requires Shockwave plug-in)
20. Test Wegener's hypothesis - reconstruct Pangea

1. Animation of a subduction zone - This animation shows an oceanic plate converging with a continental plate.
2. This Dynamic Earth - The story of Plate Tectonics from the USGS
3. Hell's Crust: Our Ever Changing Planet - from the PBS Savage Earth series, several good animations can be found at this site.
4. Observe animations of processes that occur along plate boundaries (transform, convergent and diverging)
5. Plate Tectonics - the Cause of Earthquakes
6. Plate Tectonics Quiz - 10 questions
7. Recent Earthquakes: Last 8 to 30 days - from USGS on 8/28/08
8. San Andreas Fault - from the USGS
9. Seismic Waves - This real-time 3D application allows users to create seismic waves of any magnitude and pass them through a variety of terrains. The student can view the seismic activity in the terrain through both a textured and wire frame view.
10. Subduction - the birth place of a volcanic mountain range (good animation)
11. Teaching about Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics - plan for a virtual journey to the earth’s center

1. An animation showing the formation of an unconformity - This animation shows the formation of an angular unconformity. The final result allows you to infer the sequence of the rocks' formation.
2. Break it Down - Students in Ms. Lee's class are studying the processes of weathering. The steps for their investigation and the data they collected are shown in this sample lab activity
3. Factors that contribute to rock weathering
4. Weathering of Rocks - complete and extensive information about factors related to rocks breaking down

1. Animation showing how coal (nonrenewable) forms
2. Classify Resources - Click on Resource ID in the yellow Activities box to take a quiz.
3. Diagram Listing Energy Types - Caution: None of the links on this page work, but the diagram is really good.
4. Energy Kids - energy facts about various forms of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources
5. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
6. Natural Resources - Can We Use Them Forever?
7. Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources - a quiz written by Kathy Tucker
8. Renewable Energy and You - some things that everyone should know about renewable energy
9. Renewable Energy Fact Sheets - there is a section of fact sheets for kids and one for adults
10. Renewable Energy Policy Project - from the Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology
11. Renewable Energy vs. Fossil Fuels - Suggestion: create a Pro and Con list for each energy source. That will give you a a way to compare the various energy resources.
12. Renewable Energy Web Links - from the Texas Solar Energy Society (whose slogan is, “The Solution Comes Up Every Morning!”).
13. Renewable Resources in Saskatchewan - a long set of web links to use with the topic

1. Energy Facts - an Energy Kids page
2. Energy Sources - posted by the U. S. Department of Energy
3. Energy Story - an index to over 20 pages
4. Sources of Renewable Energy - from AGORES

1. Animation of clastic sedimentary rocks forming
2. Animation of metamorphic rocks forming
3. How Sediments are Deposited - This animation shows a side view of an area where a river flows into a lake.
4. Interactive Rock Cycle Animation - a cutaway view of Earth showing where some common rock-forming processes occur. Embedded animations will illustrate the path of a rock moving through the rock cycle.
5. Introduction to Geology - a rock cycle quiz
6. Rock Cycle - includes link to each of the three types of rocks
7. Rock Cycle - from the Mineralogical Society of America
8. Rock Cycle - a review lesson followed by a quiz [from McGraw Hill]
9. Rock Cycle Quiz - posted by the College of Alameda Physical Geography department
10. A Schematic Sketch of the Rock Cycle - boxes represent earth materials and arrows represent the processes that transform those materials

1. Virtual Field Trips - In this investigation, you'll take virtual field trips to several protected places. Explore the Web site of each place to discover the unique features that make it worth protecting.

1. Earth Science Lab - mineral physical properties and identification, 20 minerals to identify
2. How to Identify Minerals - from the San Diego Natural History Museum
3. Identification of an Unknown Mineral - a step by step process
4. Identifying Minerals - mineral properties and terms explained on 8/28/08
5. Mineral Identification - a McGraw-Hill self checking quiz
6. Mineral Identification Key
7. Mineral Identification quiz - testing Moh's Hardness Scale
8. Multiple choice rock quiz with pull down answers
9. Rock Expert Quiz - Name the type of rocks correctly and earn a Rockhound Expert Award!

1. Mass, Force and Acceleration - Watch as you fill out the chart to see how mass, force, and acceleration are related. When you are done, see if you can write a rule.
2. Motion, Forces, and Newton's Laws - includes a good drawing of a graph
3. Objects falling to Earth from a variety of locations
4. Motion with Constant Acceleration - This Java applet shows a car moving with constant acceleration

1. Compound Machine - answer a series of questions which require the selection of the most appropriate simple machine
2. Design and Test - This project simulates the Design and Test process through the development of a virtual paintball catapult. The student must build catapults capable of performing a variety of tasks, stay within the allotted budget, and interpret test results to fine tune their design.
3. Inclined Plane - This Java applet demonstrates a motion on an inclined plane with constant velocity and the corresponding forces.
4. Lever - attach a new mass piece or put it to another place with pressed mouse button
5. Eureka: The Lever - a YouTube video
6. Machines Make Life Easier - a set of lessons and activities about simple machines
7. Pulley - Investigate mechanical advantage of a pulley with this interactive java applet
8. Pulley System - (raise or lower the load with the mouse) If you click on the mouse button, a spring balance will appear showing the tension in the string.
9. Rube Goldberg Machines - a simple machines PowerPoint show by Matt Aufman and Steve Case, University of Mississippi [23 slides]
10. Simple Machines - An excellent overview from the Franklin Institute On-Line
11. Simple Machines Activities - Learn about simple and compound machines while you explore the House (simple machines) and Tool Shed (compound machines) at E-Heads!
12. Simple Machines game from Harcourt School
13. Simple Machines - a 21 slide show posted by Mike McKee of UCF on 8/27/08
14. Simple Machines - a 23 slide show posted by Matt Aufman and Steve Case of the University of Mississippi. on 8/27/08
15. The Six Simple Machines - a 26 slide show with good examples and illustrations [Caution: the movie file is not included so slide 26 does not work] on 8/27/08
16. Work and Simple Machines - a 47 slide show with practice questions on 8/27/08

1. The Law of Action-Reaction (Revisited)
2. Mass, Force and Acceleration - Watch as you fill out the chart to see how mass, force, and acceleration are related. When you are done, see if you can write a rule.
3. Momentum - "mass in motion"
4. Momentum and Impulse Connection - this tutorial includes a large number of practice questions to check understanding
5. Motion with Constant Acceleration - This Java applet shows a car moving with constant acceleration

1. Universal Gravitation - The Apple, the Moon, and the Inverse Square Law
2. Universal Gravitation - Gravity is More Than a Name
3. Universal Gravitation - Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

1. The Galileo Games - In this PBS feature, you'll get a sampling of Galileo's thought experiments and conduct virtual versions of his experiments, including those using an inclined plane and a pendulum.
2. An index of Newton's Laws animations from the Physics Classroom
3. An index of Newton's laws tutorials - from the Physics Classroom (a total of 16 separate lessons)
4. Newton's Second Law Experiment - During movement a red point in the t-s-diagram (time - displacement) indicates the present time and the covered distance. This Java applet allows students to collect data for graphing.

1. Java applet which students would use to collect data to sketch velocity as a function of time.
2. Java applet displaying three position vs time graphs and three velocity vs time graphs. Your students must determine which of the graphs are correct.
3. Newton's Second Law Experiment - During movement a red point in the t-s-diagram (time - displacement) indicates the present time and the covered distance. This Java applet allows students to collect data for graphing.
4. Passing Lane - an animation and graph of position vs time
5. Passing Lane - an animation and graph of velocity vs time
6. Reaction time applet - use to gather data for graphing
7. Ticker Tape Diagrams - A common way of analyzing the motion of objects in physics labs is to perform a ticker tape analysis. The practice problems included will help your students evaluate the time variable.

1. Changing States: Does it Matter? - a lab worksheet to use in your classroom
2. Chemical vs Physical Change - an online version of a slide show
3. Chemical vs. Physical Properties and Changes - from a Physical Science course at Learner.org
4. Classification of Matter - Answer a series of questions to determine if a substance is a mixture or compound.
5. The difference between chemical and physical changes (from Chem4Kids)
6. Key Concepts: Chemical vs Physical Changes; Elements vs. Compounds - sample questions and two good concept maps
7. Mixtures and Compounds - a short movie featuring iron and sulphur illustrating the difference between a mixture and a compound
8. Multiple Choice Test on Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
9. Physical and Chemical Change - quiz in the form of a PowerPoint show using action buttons
10. Physical vs. Chemical Change - click on a type of change to observe the molecular details of the process
11. Physical or Chemical Change? - [this link opens on a new page] Determine if each is a physical or chemical change. (a Quia quiz)
12. Physical or Chemical Change? - test your knowledge
13. Physical and Chemical changes quiz
14. Physical vs Chemical Change - an interactive lesson (click Next to begin)
15. Physical vs Chemical Change - flashcards from Quia
16. Review and Practice on Chemical vs. Physical Properties and Changes - ten questions on properties and five questions on changes
17. What is the difference between chemical and physical change? - from General Chemistry Online
18. Word Scramble - [this link opens on a new page] use these ten scrambled words as a review
19. Worksheet on Physical vs Chemical Change

1. Acids and Bases - an introduction
2. Acids and Bases - Many quizzes to select from!
3. Acids or Bases - True/False quiz [scores immediately]
4. Basics of Acids and Bases Quiz - lots of ads to get around but nice quiz
5. Acids, Bases and Salts Quiz - Answers on a separate page
6. Review of Acids and Bases Quiz - Sparknotes - checks answers

1. Chemical Reactions - a 41 slide show
2. Chemistry Lab - mass relationships accompanying chemical changes
3. Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic - reacting mass chemical calculations (not using moles)
4. Mass Conservation - conservation of mass in chemical reactions

1. Effect of a Change in Temperature - [scroll to the bottom of the page] a java applet allows students to see the effect of increasing temperature on a reaction.

1. Create a Safe Endothermic Reaction - use as a demonstration or vary the amounts of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate to make an experiment
2. Create a Safe Exothermic Reaction - Vinegar is used to remove the protective coating from steel wool, allowing it to rust. When the iron combines with oxygen, heat is released.
3. Examples of Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions - a table with fourteen examples of each
4. Endothermic Reaction - from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
5. Exothermic Reaction - from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1. Council on Competiveness presents a truly rigorous exam - select 8th Grade and then Science [timed exam]
2. FCAT Sample Test and Answer Book - [2004] sixteen questions and test taking tips
3. FCAT Sample Test and Answer Book - [2008] questions and test taking tips
4. Virginia State Standards of Learning - Select Science 8, and then select 10, 20, or 40 questions.