End-of-Course - Physical Science

sites to help students practice skills needed for the Physical Science exam

Item Sampler from the State of Tennessee

Standard 1 Force and Motion
Level 1
distinguish between speed and velocity, given a scenario.	Speed and Velocity - This Physics Classroom tutorial helps students distinguish between speed and velocity. An animation and two practice problems are included. Follow that lesson with the Acceleration tutorial. Two animations and two practice problems are included with the acceleration tutorial. A java applet which allows your students to collect data to make calculations regarding velocity and acceleration due to gravity. Further calculations can be made with a second version of this applet. Putt-putt golf applet which asks your students to experiment with velocity and acceleration.

relate inertia, force, or action-reaction forces to Newton's three laws of motion given an illustration or diagram.	An index of Newton's laws tutorials from the Physics Classroom (a total of 16 separate lessons) Mass, Force and Acceleration - Watch as you fill out the chart to see how mass, force, and acceleration are related. When you are done, see if you can write a rule. An index of Newton's Laws animations from the Physics Classroom Motion with Constant Acceleration - This Java applet shows a car moving with constant acceleration Newton's Laws - A quiz about Isaac Newton's three famous laws of motion. (a Quia quiz) Newton's Second Law Experiment - This Java applet simulates an air track glider setup, as it is used for experiments on constant acceleration motion. Forces and Motion - Matching | Concentration | Flash Cards | Word Search
distinguish between mass and weight, given examples using SI units.	Your Weight on Other Worlds - This Exploratorium site gets your students' attention by showing that their weight will vary with different gravitational attraction (you will not believe what you would weigh on a Neutron star!). Then, a very good presentation of the difference between weight and mass is given. weight and mass converter - After your students use this converter, perhaps you could discuss if it is appropriate to perform this type of conversion. Science Terms: Distinctions, Restrictions, and Confusions - Bartelby.com points out that an absolute conversion factor between these two units is not technically sound Mass vs. Weight - Two-thirds of the way down this page you will find a discussion of mass vs weight accompanied by practice questions
identify simple machines, given illustrations.	Simple Machines Activities: - explore the House to check understanding of this standard, then move to the Tool Shed to begin exploring compound machines ( E-Heads) Simple Machines - An excellent overview from the Franklin Institute On-Line Machines Make Life Easier - a set of activities about simple machines Lever - attach a new mass piece or put it to another place with pressed mouse button Move Our Principal - learn about the six simple machines then use their knowledge to assist their principal. Pulley - Investigate mechanical advantage of a pulley with this interactive java applet Pulley System - (raise or lower the load with the mouse) If you click on the mouse button, a spring balance will appear showing the tension in the string. Inclined Plane - This Java applet demonstrates a motion on an inclined plane with constant velocity and the corresponding forces. Simple Machines game from Harcourt School Simple Machines Made Simple - an introduction to the six simple machines Sunken Millions - a Simple Machines review game Rube Goldberg Machines - a simple machines PowerPoint show by Matt Aufman and Steve Case, University of Mississippi [23 slides]
Level 2
interpret distance-time graphs for velocity or velocity-time graphs for acceleration.	Kinematic Equations and Graphs (use of velocity-time graphs to describe the motion of objects) Six practice problems are provided, each requires the student to construct a velocity-time graph. Answers, including graphs, are provided. Graph Sketching and Recognition - Practice questions to test understanding of the graphical description of motion Ball and Ramp Simulation - see the results of a change in initial velocity, ramp height, displacement, even gravity
calculate velocity, given distance and time; acceleration, given velocity and time; force, given mass and acceleration; work, given force and distance; or power, given work and time, using the provided formulas card.	Describing Motion with Equations - There are three components of this tutorial from the Physics Classroom; The Kinematic Equations, Kinematic Equations & Problem-Solving, and Kinematic Equations & Free Fall. These are followed by Sample Problems & Solutions Using Equations as a "Recipe" for Algebraic Problem-Solving Using Equations as a Guide to Thinking
distinguish among the three laws of motion, given a scenario.	The Law of Action-Reaction (Revisited) An index of Newton's Laws animations from the Physics Classroom An index of Newton's laws tutorials from the Physics Classroom (a total of 16 separate lessons) Recognizing Forces - The purpose of this activity is to practice an understanding of the various types of forces
choose the correct illustration that relates the effects of gravity on the motion of falling bodies, ocean tides or satellites.	Describing Motion with Equations - There are three components of this tutorial from the Physics Classroom; The Kinematic Equations, Kinematic Equations & Problem-Solving, and Kinematic Equations & Free Fall. These are followed by Sample Problems & Solutions Projectile Motion - experiment with projectile motion by firing various objects out of a cannon Projectile Motion Simulator - change a number of variables, projectiles include piano, pumpkin, Buick and others Projectile Tutorial - You can do experimentation to discover concepts or you can check your problem-solving progress. Follow the directions below the picture depending on which one you want to do.
Level 3
recognize the simple machines found in a compound machine, given an illustration.	Simple Machines Activities - use the House as a review and then use the Tool Shed to check understanding of this standard
choose the correct scenario that illustrates the law of conservation of momentum.	Momentum - "mass in motion" Momentum and Impulse Connection - this tutorial includes a large number of practice questions to check understanding The Impulse-Momentum Change Theorem - Real-World Applications Momentum Conservation Principle Isolated Systems Conservation of Momentum in Different Inertial Frames - One dimensional Conservation of Momentum in Different Inertial Frames - Two dimensional

Standard 2 Structure and Properties of Matter
Level 1
select a pure substance, which is an element or a compound, from a list of choices.	Element or Compound - From the name of a chemical, determine whether it is an element or compound Element, Compound & Mixture Quiz - a Quia quiz Element Quiz - a fun little game that quizzes you on element names, symbols, and uses Mixtures, elements and compounds - A review of the concepts of pure substances, solutions and mixtures. (a Quia quiz) Element Hangman - Study those spellings and symbols (a Quia quiz)
identify a substance as a compound or mixture, given a description of the substance.	Classification of Matter - The differences between pure substances and mixtures, and examples within. (a Quia quiz) Elements, Compounds and Mixtures - [23 pages] a slide show on a .pdf document Elements, Compounds and Mixtures - [34 slides] Matter: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures - [93 slides] PowerPoint slide show for Office 2007 and more recent A Matter of Fact: Mixtures, Elements and Compounds - [34 slides] Study Questions - seventy-five questions multiple-choice questions dealing with this standard
distinguish between the volume, shape and particle arrangement in the four phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas, and plasma).	Heat Effects Matter in Different Ways - [7 page document] Gases, Liquids and Solids - a table and illustrations are used to make the distinction between the three Matter and its Changes - a student-produced, ThinkQuest entry Phases of Matter - from NASA's Glenn Research Center Properties of Matter - [78 slides] that deals with three of the phases of matter States of Matter - [19 slides] slide show about the four phases of matter States of Matter - There are five main states of matter. Solids, Liquids, Gases, Plasmas, and Bose-Einstein condensate. Each of these states is also known as a phase and matter that is present in these states are considered as part of these phases. States of Matter - There is a mini-quiz at the end of the lesson States Of Matter Gas-Liquid-Solid Revision Notes - The particle model and properties of the gases, liquids and solids, state changes and solutions. States of Matter Animations from Harcourt School Publishers
distinguish among elements, compounds, solutions, colloids, and suspensions, given an example.	Elements, Compounds, Mixtures, Solutions, Colloids, Suspensions - review in Jeopardy format Solutions - what are solutions, examples of solutions, strength of solutions, and what is the universal solvent Solutions and Mixtures - from online introductory chemistry Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions - worksheet to print for students Solutions , Suspensions And Colloids - summary tables Solutions Suspensions and Colloids - Quiz (Level 1) - ten-question multiple-choice quiz Solutions, Suspensions, Colloids, and Dispersions - definitions and examples Study Questions - seventy-five questions multiple-choice questions dealing with this standard Suspensions and Colloids - definitions followed by a five-question multiple-choice quiz
Level 2
identify an element as a metal, nonmetal or metalloid using the periodic table.	Elements - Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids - [lesson plan] In this activity, students will investigate several properties of the given elements and decide whether each element is a metal, non-metal or a metalloid. Metal or Nonmetal - lab worksheet to print for students Metalloid - [wikipedia entry] There is no standard definition of a metalloid nor is there agreement as to which elements are appropriately classified as such Metalloids - highlighted on a periodic table Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids - The periodic table on this page separates elements into three groups: the metals (green in the table), nonmetals (orange), and metalloids (blue). Periodic Table of Technology - how elements are used in everyday tech-use The Periodic Table: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids - Using the periodic table, you can classify the elements in many ways. One useful way is by metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Most of the elements on the periodic table are classified as metals. What Are Types of Metalloids? - A small number of elements have properties of both metals and nonmetals. These are called metalloids, and they include the elements boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tullurium and polonium. Metalloids are important elements in the field of electronics because of their semiconductor properties Which Are the Nonmetal Atoms? - clear description from eHow
identify the three major subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) and their locations in the atom, given an illustration.	Atomic Structure - simplified explanation accompanied by animated illustrations Atomic Structure Jeopardy (a Quia quiz) Atoms and Molecules - large number of tables and illustrations Atoms are Building Blocks - this Chem4Kids page does a good job of helping students identify particles The Locations of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons - the structure of an atom can be compared to the solar system in terms of the location of the components of the atom Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons - this lesson plan includes links to a student activity sheet to print and answers for the activity Subatomic Particles: So That's What's in an Atom - information presented in as table not an illustration
recognize symbols for common elements (H, He, Li, …) or formulas for common compounds (i.e. H 2O, NaCl, CO 2, HCl, Fe 2O 3, C 6H 12O 6, NaOH), given a list.	40 Element Symbols - Learn the symbols for forty of the most common chemical elements. (three Quia quizzes): Matching | Flash Cards | Concentration Chemical Elements and their Symbols - Learn the elements and their symbols (four Quia quizzes): Matching | Concentration | Flash Cards | Word Search Common Compound Library - enter a compound name and the library will display the formula and atomic model Compounds - halfway down the page you will find a helpful section on molecular compounds Covalent or Molecular Compound Nomenclature - how to name molecular or covalent compounds Element List: Atomic Number, Element Symbol & Element Name - elements ordered by increasing atomic number. Element Symbols - It's easier to navigate the periodic table and write chemical equations and formulae once you know the symbols for the elements. How Do I Convert Chemical Formulas to Compound Names? - seven steps from eHow Interpreting Formulas Quiz - six multiple choice questions about compound formulae List of Elements by Symbol - a list from Wikipedia List of Periodic Table Elements Sorted by Element Symbol - from the Israel science and technology homepage Names and Symbols of Elements - interactive site, convert names of elements to symbols, or convert symbols to names of elements. Periodic Table of Technology - how elements are used in everyday tech-use Polyatomic Ions Quiz - ten multiple choice questions in which a situation is given and you must identify the compound formula
calculate density, given mass and volume.	Can You Create a Stack of Liquids? - Lab activity: Find the density of various liquids, and use the information to create a density column. Calculate the density of two blocks and then identify the material that the blocks are made of Density - Vision Learning explains the concept and buoyancy Density Challenge Exploring Liquid Density - several experiments with different types of liquids to determine which is more dense Film Canister Density - lab activity using film canisters (if you can find any of them) Mass Volume Density Quiz (Level 1) Mass Volume Density Quiz (level 2) Volume, Density and Floating and Sinking Lab - this nine-page lab worksheet includes five different experiments Volume, Mass and Density - a supplementary activity for students What is Density? - this explanation also includes links to several demonstrations like floating eggs
predict the behavior of an object in water, given its density.	Can You Create a Stack of Liquids? - Lab activity: Find the density of various liquids, and use the information to create a density column. Density - Vision Learning explains the concept and buoyancy Exploring Liquid Density - several experiments with different types of liquids to determine which is more dense Film Canister Density - lab activity using film canisters (if you can find any of them) Floating Objects - a five-page lab activity lesson plan How Objects Float in Fluids - explanation from School for Champions Potato Float - lesson plan, lab activities and a data sheet Volume, Density and Floating and Sinking Lab - this nine-page lab worksheet includes five different experiments What is Density? - this explanation also includes links to several demonstrations like floating eggs
Level 3
identify the atomic number, atomic mass, number of protons, number of neutrons, and number of electrons in an atom of a given element, using the periodic table.	Build an Atom - Build an atom out of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and see how the element, charge, and mass change. Then play a game to test your ideas. ChemicalElements.com has a nice table with Internet links to sites about the elements. Chemicool Periodic Table - clicking on an element opens a page of information Flash version of the table - Move your cursor over an elements for information. How Do You Determine How Many Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Are in an Atom? - explanation from Jefferson Lab How to Find the Neutrons in the Periodic Table - suggestions from eHow How to Find Protons, Neutrons and Electrons - this explanation points out that "a periodic table has the atomic and mass number written on it." How to Read the Periodic Table - good explanation How to Use a Periodic Table - This page will show you how to use a periodic table to gather information about the elements How to Use the Periodic Table - explanation from eHow It's Elemental - Element Math Game Periodic Table - This common chemistry tool is presented as a PowerPoint show with web links to pages about each element. Invisible buttons are used on slide 2. (There are 109 invisible buttons on one slide.) Take a look! Periodic Table of Elements - concise explanation from Los Alamos National Laboratory Periodic Table of Technology - how elements are used in everyday tech-use Periodic Table of the Elements - select an element to get more information A small Periodic Table of the Elements with limited information about each element. This site loads quickly. Photographic Table of Elements - pictures of the elements are used on this table Proton Don - a FunBrain game using a periodic table that contains the elements' symbols and their periodic numbers. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons - this ten-page worksheet includes answers Using Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons to Identify an Atom - things you need to know first WebElements - the periodic table on the web, interactive and full of information Welcome to It's Elemental - Element Math Game - The computer will randomly pick an element and present you with that element's data from the Periodic Table of Elements
determine the effects of pressure, temperature, or volume on the behavior of gases, given a diagram. (Boyle’s law and Charles’s law)	Boyle's Experiment - interactive Boyle's Law - animated Boyle's Law Calculator Boyle's Law - click and drag (data is automatically recorded in a table) Boyle's Law Drill and Practice problems Boyle's Law Interactive practice Charles' Law Calculator Charles' Law - click and drag (data is automatically recorded in a table) Charles' Law Experiment - interactive Charles' Law Drill and Practice problems Charles' Law Interactive Practice Special Processes of an Ideal Gas - an applet to investigate ideal gases

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Standard 3 Interactions of Matter
Level 1
determine whether a change is physical or chemical, given examples.	Changing States: Does it Matter? - a lab worksheet to use in your classroom Chemical vs Physical Change - an online version of a PowerPoint slide show [works best in Internet Explorer] Chemical vs. Physical Properties and Changes - from a Physical Science course at Learner.org Classification of Matter - Answer a series of questions to determine if a substance is a mixture or compound. The difference between chemical and physical changes (from Chem4Kids) Key Concepts: Chemical vs Physical Changes; Elements vs. Compounds - sample questions and two good concept maps Mixtures and Compounds - a short movie featuring iron and sulphur illustrating the difference between a mixture and a compound Multiple Choice Test on Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes Physical vs. Chemical Change - click on a type of change to observe the molecular details of the process Physical or Chemical Change? - Determine if each is a physical or chemical change. (a Quia quiz) Physical or Chemical Change? - test your knowledge Physical and Chemical changes quiz Physical vs Chemical Change - an interactive lesson (click Next to begin) Physical vs Chemical Change - flashcards from Quia Sciencegy Game Board - Physical and Chemical Change - Jeopardy format [This expired link is available through the Wayback Machine Internet Archive. If the page doesn't load quickly click on Impatient? at the bottom right of the page.] What is the difference between chemical and physical change? - from General Chemistry Online Word Scramble - use these ten scrambled words as a review Worksheet on Physical vs Chemical Change [This expired document is available through the Wayback Machine Internet Archive. If the page doesn't load quickly click on Impatient? at the bottom right of the page.]
identify the reactants and /or products in a chemical reaction, given a chemical equation.	Classification of Chemical Reactions - explanation of the six types Decomposition and Synthesis Reactions Worksheet - one page worksheet, no answer included Five Types of Chemical Reactions - [10 page .pdf document] includes a page to be printed as a student worksheet, plus an answer sheet How to Identify Chemical Reactions - Following the changes from the reactants to the products of the chemical reaction allow you to quickly identify the type of chemical reaction. How to Identify the 6 Types of Chemical Reactions - step-by-step instructions including a warning Matter and Change - Who wants to be a millionaire? A better question is: Who wants to get an "A" on the Chapter 1 Chemistry Test? (a Quia quiz) Mr. G's Guide to Chemical Reaction Types - this comprehensive explanation used humorous illustrations to help make the point Reaction Identification Practice - fifteen multiple choice questions Shall We Dance? - [5 page handout] Classifying Types of Chemical Reactions Six Types of Chemical Reactions - explains each, gives an example of each and then includes a checklist to help identify Types of Chemical Reactions - very complete description from Chemistryland Types of Chemical Reactions - [42 slides] this PowerPoint slide show is for Office 2007 and newer Types of Chemical Reactions Quiz - quiz questions and problem sets to be taken with pencil and paper while reading the screen, not a printable quiz
identify a substance as acidic, basic, or neutral, given its pH.	Acids and Bases Worksheet - a seven page worksheet to print for students Acids Bases and the pH Scale - this Science Buddies page had a chart with numbers that should help students understand that pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration Acid/Bases and pH Indicators - pH scale information and acid/base characteristics. (a Quia quiz) Experiments with Acids and Bases - this is a long page which is full of activities, from the Fun Science Gallery How Can You Tell If a Substance Is Acidic? - three different definitions that chemists use when defining an acid and base pH, Acids, and Bases - a spectrum-like scale shows values ranging from 0 (battery acid) to 14 (drain cleaner) The pH Factor - online exhibit posted by the Miami Museum of Science pH Scale - definition and several tables from a Virtual Chembook Water Properties: pH - this page, from the USGS Water Science School, has a good scale of values and as detailed US map indicating pH of precipitation in 2002 What Are Some Common Household Acids & Bases? - this eHow page has a very good suggestion, " as a rule, don't taste or smell a solution for testing purposes." What is pH? - this Environmental Protection Agency page has a good illustration showing a range of pH values
Level 2
select the reaction that is endothermic or exothermic, given the temperature change during the reaction.	Chemical Reactions: Investigating Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions - In this 9th grade physical science guided inquiry, students will work in pairs to discover the indicators of chemical reactions. Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions - This lesson focuses on the use of technology to collect, graph and analyze data from an exothermic and an endothermic reaction. [includes a lab worksheet and data table] Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions - printable lab worksheet Endothermic or Exothermic - a Quia quiz Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions - this lesson plan includes links to student activity sheets and answers Exothermic vs. Endothermic and K - this ChemWiki from U C Davis includes five practice problems with solutions Exothermic and Endothermic Energy Changes - from Doc Brown's Chemistry class, this page includes a large number of examples and graphs Le Châtelier's Principle: Effect of a Change in Temperature - When a stress is brought to bear on a system at equilibrium, the system will react in the direction that serves to relieve the stress. Potential Energy Diagrams - energy flow during reactions, includes a four minute video explanation Some Examples of Exothermic and Endothermic Processes - presented in a table Understanding Endothermic Reactions - This page was created to help others who don't understand endothermic and exothermic reactions as well as they want or need to
identify a chemical reaction as either synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement or double-replacement reactions, given examples.	Chemical Reaction Types - two page handout to use in high school chemistry Chemical Reactions Worksheet - one page worksheet with an answer sheet, and a page of teacher notes Chemical Reactions - [4 slides] PowerPoint show to go with the worksheet immediately above Classification of Chemical Reactions - explanation of the six types Decomposition and Synthesis Reactions Worksheet - one page worksheet, no answer included Five Types of Chemical Reactions - [10 page .pdf document] includes a page to be printed as a student worksheet, plus an answer sheet How to Identify Chemical Reactions - Following the changes from the reactants to the products of the chemical reaction allow you to quickly identify the type of chemical reaction. How to Identify the 6 Types of Chemical Reactions - step-by-step instructions including a warning Mr. G's Guide to Chemical Reaction Types - this comprehensive explanation used humorous illustrations to help make the point Reaction Identification Practice - fifteen multiple choice questions Shall We Dance? - [5 page handout] Classifying Types of Chemical Reactions Six Types of Chemical Reactions - explains each, gives an example of each and then includes a checklist to help identify Types of Chemical Reactions - very complete description from Chemistryland Types of Chemical Reactions - [42 slides] this PowerPoint slide show is for Office 2007 and newer Types of Chemical Reactions Quiz - quiz questions and problem sets to be taken with pencil and paper while reading the screen, not a printable quiz
predict the effect of acid rain on people or the environment, given a scenario.	Acid Rain - The Causes, History, and Effects of Acid Rain Acid Rain - from Young People's Trust for the Environment Acid Rain - effects felt through the food chain (from National Geographic) Acid Rain - what is it and what can be done about it, this page includes a link to a two minute video Acid Rain Effects - this is from a Think Quest entry on The Environment: a Global Challenge Acid Rain Effects - lists five categories of effects Acid Rain Effects on Plants & Animals - explanation from eHow Acid Rain FAQ - This comprehensive treatment of the topic by Environment Canada includes many good illustrations and maps. The Effects of Acid Rain - acid rain primarily affects sensitive bodies of water The Effects of Acid Rain on Monuments - Apart from its adverse effects on the ecosystem, acid rain degrades stone monuments, especially those built out of limestone or marble The Effects of Air Pollution: Acid Rain - from a Green Living page from National Geographic Effects of Acid Rain: Human Health - from the U S Environmental Protection Agency Effects of Acid Rain on Lakes and Streams - how the Acid Rain Program is addressing these issues Effects of Acid Rain on Surface Waters and Aquatic Animals - The ecological effects of acid rain are most clearly seen in the aquatic, or water, environments, such as streams, lakes, and marshes. Environmental Effects of Acid Rain - compiled from the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The Harmful Effects of Acid Rain - understanding how acid rain forms, its effects on plants, animals and humans, and how to promote pollution prevention Measuring Acid Rain - learn more about measuring acid rain Scientists Hunt for Acid Rain and Methane in Wetlands - NASA researchers discovered that acid rain inhibits a swampland bacteria from producing methane, a greenhouse gas. Toxic Rain - the effect of acid rain on the environment What Effect Does Acid Rain Have on the Environment? - from a Think Quest entry titled Man's Effect on His Environment
demonstrate the law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction by selecting the balanced equation.	About the Law of Conservation of Mass - The understanding of this physical property is fundamental for students of physics, chemistry and other sciences. Balancing equations battleships (a Quia quiz) Chembalancer - the classic version of Chembalancer that teaches you how to balance equations Chembalancer: Brain Boggle Version - harder version of the game immediately above Conservation of Mass - [Wikipedia entry] Conservation of Matter and Balancing Chemical Equations - a physical science lab activity How Do You Balance Chemical Equations? - long explanation (16 pages if printed) with a large number of good diagrams Jelly Bean Equations - a lesson plan for 8th grade science What 3 Things Does a Chemical Equation Indicate About a Chemical Reaction? - Everything within the reaction must be accounted for, thus Conservation of Mass. Writing, Balancing and Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions - six pages to print and use as a student handout
Level 3
select the correct coefficient(s) to balance a given chemical equation.	Balancing Chemical Equations - steps to balance plus examples Balancing Chemical Equations - a simple example of how to balance an equation Balancing Chemical Equations: Introductory Stoichiometry - three steps to balance chemical equations Balancing equations battleships (a Quia quiz) Balancing Equations Think Quest - a student produced explanation Chembalancer - the classic version of Chembalancer that teaches you how to balance equations Chembalancer: Brain Boggle Version - harder version of the game immediately above Chemical Equations - A chemical equation is the shorthand that scientists use to describe a chemical reaction. Chemical Equations Calculator - A calculator created to prove that an algebraic technique of balancing actually works. Students may will find it useful in determining the correct coefficients. How Do You Balance Chemical Equations? - long explanation (16 pages if printed) with a large number of good diagrams How To Balance a Chemical Equation - six tips Jelly Bean Equations - a lesson plan for 8th grade science Theoretical and Percent Yield: How To Balance Chemical Equations - Balancing the reaction's chemical equation is the first step in calculating theoretical and percent yield . Writing, Balancing and Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions - six pages to print and use as a student handout
predict the products(s) given the reactant(s) of a chemical reaction.	Classifying Reactions to Help With Predicting Reactions - based on a worksheet on Classifying Reactions from Mr. Groves' AP Chemistry class Fun With Predicting Reaction Products - Predict the products of each of the following chemical reactions. If a reaction will not occur, explain why not. A four-page handout for your students. Hints When Trying to Predict Products of Chemical Reactions - in addition to the hints this page has a list of most common student mistakes How to Predict Products in Chemical Reactions - explanation from eHow Predicting Reaction Products - [page to print] Predict the products, and balance each reaction.  Use the reaction type as a hint. Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions - This worksheet is designed to help you predict products of simple reactions of the four basic reaction types (synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement) and combustion reactions. Reactants, Products and Leftovers - Create your own sandwich and then see how many sandwiches you can make with different amounts of ingredients. Do the same with chemical reactions. See how many products you can make Writing, Balancing and Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions - six pages to print and use as a student handout

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Standard 4 Energy
Level 1
classify waves as transverse waves or longitudinal waves, given an illustration.	An index of wave tutorials from the Physics Classroom Electromagnetic Wave - This animation (java applet) shows an electromagnetic wave, namely a plane polarized wave, which propagates in positive x direction. Explore the relations between circular motion, simple harmonic motion and wave with this simple java applet. Waveform Demonstration - computer-based demonstration of these waveforms using a Java applet
identify wavelength, frequency and amplitude, given an illustration.	An index of Wave animations from the Physics Classroom Create standing waves with this excellent java applet. Change parameters or step the animation forward slowly while viewing the component waves to investigate interference. To isolate wave reflection, you might want to view the reflection of a single pulse. Electromagnetic Spectrum - In this applet, you can click on the wavelength/frequency scale and change the wavelength and frequency by dragging the mouse or by using the arrow keys on the keyboard. Holding the shift key down while pressing the left or right arrow keys changes the wavelength by a factor of 10.
determine the temperature scale used, given the boiling and/or freezing point of water.	Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion lesson Temperature - compares five temperatures on the three major scales Temperature Scales - compares Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales Three Big Temperature Scales - introduction to how temperature is measured Three Temperature Scales - two graphics compare several temperatures across scales
Level 2
identify a wave interaction as reflection, diffraction, refraction, and interference, given an example.	Beats - a java applet to investigate this sound phenomenon Diffraction of Light by a Single Slit - an applet to investigate diffraction Index of wave terms - good diagrams accompany each definition Standing Wave - Explanation by Superposition with the Reflected Wave Standing Longitudinal Waves - This Java applet demonstrates the harmonics of the air in a tube as an example of standing longitudinal waves. Explore superposition of waves with a sine wave or a saw tooth wave Interference of two Circular or Spherical Waves - This Java applet shows the interference of two circular respectively spherical waves (e.g. of water or sound waves).
select characteristic(s) that best describe(s) sound or light.	Sound Waves and Music Light Waves and Color
determine whether the transfer of thermal energy is conduction, convection or radiation, given an illustration.	Heat Transfer - an interactive graphical map Thermodynamic Equilibrium - an applet designed to simulate the diffusion process which occurs when gases of different temperatures are mixed (seven experiments can be performed with this applet)
compare and contrast the four kinds of wave interactions (reflection, diffraction, refraction, and interference).	Standing Wave - Explanation by Superposition with the Reflected Wave Tacoma Narrows Bridge Failure - photos illustrating this classic case of wave interaction you might also want to see a short (10 second) clip of the failure. Resonance applet with instructions in the form of a dialog Experiments on Wave Interference Classic two slit interference change the slit separation to determine the interference pattern Explore standing waves created by waves moving in opposite direction (no reflection) with this java applet Create standing waves (with reflection at a boundary) with this excellent java applet. Change parameters or step the animation forward slowly while viewing the component waves to investigate interference. To isolate wave reflection, you might want to view the reflection of a single pulse. Diffraction of Light by a Single Slit - an applet to investigate diffraction Hearing Subtraction - (an activity on frequency and beats) This site allows students to hear beat frequency caused by two sounds. Interference of Light at a Double Slit - an applet to investigate interference Reflection and Refraction of Light Waves [Huygens' Principle] - This applet is a tutorial which explains the reflection and the refraction of waves by the principle of Huygens. Refraction of Light - The applet shows the reflected and the refracted ray and calculates the corresponding angles. Students can change the incident angle and the media. Standing Wave - Explanation by Superposition with the Reflected Wave
calculate voltage, given resistance and current in a series circuit, given the formulas.	Combinations of Resistors, Inductors and Capacitors - java applet Electrical Resistance - Ohm's law from the Physics Classroom Ohm’s Law - This applet shows a simple circuit containing one resistor. In addition there is a voltmeter (parallel to the resistor) and an ammeter (in series with the resistor) The Ohm Zone - build any type of circuit you want Simple AC Circuits - This Java applet shows a simple circuit consisting of an alternating voltage source and, depending on the selected radio button, a resistor (without inductivity), a capacitor or an ideal coil (without resistance). Resistor Combinations - determine resistor combinations within the circuit where two or more resistors can be combined, and replace series and parallel resistor combinations with the correct equivalent resistors. Resistors in Series - electronics tutorial about resistors in series Resistors in Series - [3:20] video lesson
distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, given a scenario.	Compare Nuclear Fusion vs. Nuclear Fission - the emphasis here is on the production of energy The Difference Between Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion - two-page explanation Differences Between Fission and Fusion - explanation from the eHow site Nuclear Energy Transformed - four-page lesson plan which includes a quiz to take twice, once before reading and again during reading Nuclear Fusion: The Power of the Sun - [designed for grades 9-12] four page lesson plan from Discovery Education
select the statement that best describes the law of conservation of energy.	Motion Madness - Vocabulary words dealing with motion and energy (four Quia quizzes) Matching | Concentration | Flash Cards | Word Search Roller Coaster WebQuest - the differences between potential and kinetic energy, and how different variables affect roller coaster design
Level 3
calculate the amount of heat gained or lost by a substance, given the formula	Thermodynamic Equilibrium - an applet designed to simulate the diffusion process which occurs when gases of different temperatures are mixed (seven experiments can be performed with this applet)

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